abstract：:Trialists argue about the usefulness of stratified randomization. For investigators designing trials and readers who use them, the argument has created uncertainty regarding the importance of stratification. In this paper, we review stratified randomization to summarize its purpose, indications, accomplishments, and a...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Kernan WN,Viscoli CM,Makuch RW,Brass LM,Horwitz RI

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To examine the effect of cancer histopathology on the relationship between estrogen-replacement therapy (ERT) use and breast cancer risk, we performed a case-control study of 109 postmenopausal women 45 years or older with in situ or invasive breast cancer matched to 545 controls. When in situ and invasive tumors were...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Henrich JB,Kornguth PJ,Viscoli CM,Horwitz RI

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Both spontaneous reports and single outcome studies may distort the overall safety evaluation of drugs. We identified epidemiologic studies, published from January 1970 to December 1995, that investigated the association of serious adverse effects with aspirin, diclofenac, acetaminophen, and dipyrone to determine and ...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Andrade SE,Martinez C,Walker AM

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Outcome measures are rapidly becoming standard tools in the assessment of clinical effectiveness and in the measurement of health status in populations. In this article we document the development of a self-administered Chinese version of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and report t...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Ren XS,Amick B 3rd,Zhou L,Gandek B

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reports on the development and validation of the Italian SF-36 Health Survey using data from seven studies in which an Italian version of the SF-36 was administered to more than 7000 subjects between 1991 and 1995. Empirical findings from a wide array of studies and diseases indicate that the performance ...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Apolone G,Mosconi P

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The similarity in meaning assigned to response choice labels from the SF-36 Health Survey (SF-36) was evaluated across countries. Convenience samples of judges (range, 10 to 117; median = 48) from 13 countries rated translations of response choice labels, using a variation of the Thurstone method of equal appearing in...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Keller SD,Ware JE Jr,Gandek B,Aaronson NK,Alonso J,Apolone G,Bjorner JB,Brazier J,Bullinger M,Fukuhara S,Kaasa S,Leplège A,Sanson-Fisher RW,Sullivan M,Wood-Dauphinee S

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Toxic Oil Syndrome (TOS) is a previously unreported condition which affected more than 20,000 people in Spain in 1981 and whose natural history is unknown. In 1993-94, a stratified random sample of 1400 survivors was drawn to measure their health status through clinical examination and their self-perception of well-be...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Gómez de la Cámara A,Posada de la Paz M,Abaitua Borda I,Barainca Oyagüe MT,Abraira Santos V,Ruiz-Navarro MD,Terracini B

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three acute coronary care surveys (1986, 1990, and 1993) were conducted in the Swiss region of Vaud-Fribourg on all men aged 25 to 64 years hospitalized for a definite myocardial infarction (218, 224, and 167 cases). Nearly all patients received anticoagulants and nitrates. The proportion of patients treated increased...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Bourquin MG,Wietlisbach V,Rickenbach M,Perret F,Paccaud F

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Medicine has been dominated by uncontrolled data, often of unproven validity and insufficient to answer clinically important questions pertaining to individual patients. Controlled clinical trials, when designed and conducted rigorously, offer advantages over uncontrolled data, but they cannot be done for everything a...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Ioannidis JP,Lau J

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To have the "power" of avoiding undersized clinical trials, the customary statistical strategy used in the past few decades is aimed at rejecting both a null stochastic hypothesis and a contradictory alternative hypothesis. This approach gives a trial the "power" to confirm the "insignificance" of differences much sma...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Feinstein AR,Concato J

更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between history of selected diseases, genital traumas, and Peyronie's disease. A hospital-based case-control study was conducted at the Andrologic and Surgical Outpatient Units of the Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, where 134 men with Peyronie's disease and 134 male...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Carrieri MP,Serraino D,Palmiotto F,Nucci G,Sasso F

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA, HCV genotypes and liver function tests were evaluated in a series of 189 unselected, consecutive anti-HCV positive intravenous drug users (IVDUs). Serum HCV RNA was detected in 106/189 patients. Abnormal liver function tests were associated with alcohol abuse, but not with the presen...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Pirisi M,Toniutto P,Fabris C,Lombardelli T,Falleti E,Tisminetzky SG,Baralle F,Bartoli E

更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study investigates aspects of the reliability of the Maastricht criteria list for quality assessment in systematic reviews, and whether blinded reviewing is necessary to prevent review bias. We used the data set of 12 articles from a systematic review concerning the efficacy of balneotherapy in patients with arth...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Verhagen AP,de Vet HC,de Bie RA,Kessels AG,Boers M,Knipschild PG

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A standardized examination protocol was developed for the assessment of low back disorders in primary care. The protocol was found feasible in the occupational health service setting. The interexaminer repeatability between an occupational physician and an occupational physiotherapist was good for most items. The pred...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Viikari-Juntura E,Takala EP,Riihimäki H,Malmivaara A,Martikainen R,Jäppinen P

更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study developed and validated a multidimensional measure of dyspepsia. A questionnaire was administered to 126 patients with dyspepsia who presented for care at a VA outpatient clinic and a family physician's private office. Dyspepsia-specific health was measured by self-report using: (1) an existing dyspepsia sc...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Kuykendall DH,Rabeneck L,Campbell CJ,Wray NP

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The associations between nine domain-specific measures of health (e.g., depressive symptoms, psychological distress, mental health, physical functioning, role functioning, social functioning, bodily pain, somatic symptoms, and chronic medical morbidity) and a single-item measure for perceived overall health were studi...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Kempen GI,Miedema I,van den Bos GA,Ormel J

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Associations of baseline one-hour postload plasma glucose with 22-year coronary heart disease, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, and all cause mortality were assessed in five age-specific cohorts of nondiabetic men and women from the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry: 10,269 men ages 18-39 years; ...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Orencia AJ,Daviglus ML,Dyer AR,Walsh M,Greenland P,Stamler J

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article (Part II) and the preceding article (Part I) report the development of two clinical staging systems for HIV-infected individuals. The objective of the research reported here (Part II) was to construct a clinical staging system to predict survival in patients with AIDS. We analyzed data from VA Cooperative...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Rabeneck L,Hartigan PM,Huang IW,Souchek J,Wray NP

更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of this study was to identify characteristics of non-respondents and late respondents to a mailed health survey. Persons who returned and those who did not return the questionnaire were compared using health insurance data, which indicated their age, sex, and health care expenditures in the previous year...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Etter JF,Perneger TV

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of applying a problem assessment versus a pure symptom urinary incontinence (UI) caseness definition in etiologic research. SUBJECTS:A random population sample of 2613 women aged 30-59 years, who responded to a postal questionnaire. MAIN PARAMETERS: One-year period prevalence of the...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Foldspang A,Mommsen S

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We assessed the performance of diagnostic electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation by the computer program MEANS and by research physicians, compared to cardiologists, in a physician-based study. To establish a strategy for ECG interpretation in health surveys, we also studied the diagnostic capacity of three scenarios:...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： de Bruyne MC,Kors JA,Hoes AW,Kruijssen DA,Deckers JW,Grosfeld M,van Herpen G,Grobbee DE,van Bemmel JH

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To determine eligibility for a (randomized) clinical trial, measuring the inclusion and exclusion criteria can be extended over a period of time. During this period, known as the selection period, a patient is repeatedly examined at certain time intervals. This study describes an approach for optimizing the efficiency...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Moons CK,van Es GA,Stijnen T,Bak AA,Hofman A,Jonker JJ,Habbema JD,Grobbee DE

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The traditional approach in epidemiology of relating exposure to an environmental agent such as a drug or infective agent has been to measure an overall risk (i.e., average and then "adjust risk for demographic variables and other confounders"). An attempt is sometimes made to define a "susceptible" subgroup. The anal...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Shpilberg O,Dorman JS,Ferrell RE,Trucco M,Shahar A,Kuller LH

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Altogether, 3365 men and 3266 women who attended two cardiovascular screenings in 1974-1975 and 1977-1978, have been followed with respect to death for an average of 15 years. The mortality from coronary heart disease was lower in men who reported being of Lappish origin than in men who reported Norse origin at both s...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Tverdal A

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Measuring the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation programs poses both conceptual and practical challenges. We compared several standardized outcome measures with goal attainment scaling (GAS) to assess their sensitivity to changes in health status in patients undergoing cognitive rehabilitation. GAS is a measure...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Rockwood K,Joyce B,Stolee P

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Randomized trials are the optimal approach for evaluations of treatment efficacy but may not always be feasible. We study the adequacy of the case-control design in evaluating efficacy in a situation where the investigated therapy, namely the administration of magnesium sulfate for the prevention of eclampsia in patie...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Abi-Said D,Annegers JF,Combs-Cantrell D,Suki R,Frankowski RF,Willmore LJ

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have evaluated the reproducibility and relative validity of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) used in a prospective study of risk factors for cervical neoplasia. The questionnaire is a modified version of one developed and evaluated in a middle-aged Danish population. In the present study, 122 w...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Friis S,Kruger Kjaer S,Stripp C,Overvad K

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to describe patterns of health care use by inner-city patients with asthma and to identify patients at risk for hospitalization. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 1788 patients with asthma aged 5 to 34 years from a large hospital-based multi-specialty practice in inner-city Ind...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Murray MD,Stang P,Tierney WM

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Early identification of pregnant women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is becoming increasingly important in light of recent findings that interventions during and shortly after pregnancy can reduce the rates of vertical transmission. The ability of patients to accurately self-report previous HIV ...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： O'Campo P,de Boer M,Faden R,Kass N,Gielen A,Barbacci M

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pierre Charles Alexandre Louis (1787-1872) has been the direct or indirect mentor of influential U.S. and English scientists in public health, epidemiology, medicine, and biostatistics during the 19th and 20th century. Louis was primarily a clinician, but his name has been more closely associated with the history of e...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Morabia A

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the value of the ankle-brachial systolic pressure index (ABPI) as a test for the diagnosis of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) in general practice. ABPI measurements on 231 legs of 117 subjects performed in three general practice centers (GPC) were compared with the diagnostic conclusions o...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Stoffers HE,Kester AD,Kaiser V,Rinkens PE,Kitslaar PJ,Knottnerus JA

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies predicting mortality after myocardial infarction (MI) usually rely on in-hospital data, and combine patients admitted for the first MI with recurrent MI patients. Since treatment decisions are often made or modified at the first outpatient clinic visit, this study was designed to evaluate the importance of pos...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Elmore JG,Viscoli CM,Horwitz RI

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study reports the use of psychotropic drugs and pregnancy outcome in a prospective survey carried out in northern Finland in 1985-1986, consisting of 7933 pregnant women and their 8030 births. Of the mothers, 120 (1.5%) used psychotropic drugs during pregnancy and of them 26 (0.3% of the total) used these drugs b...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Larivaara P,Hartikainen AL,Rantakallio P

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To assess fracture risk following bilateral oophorectomy, we conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study among the 463 Rochester, Minnesota women who underwent bilateral oophorectomy for benign ovarian conditions in 1950-1979. During 7220 person-years of observation, there appeared to be a modest increase ...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Melton LJ 3rd,Crowson CS,Malkasian GD,O'Fallon WM

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A study was performed to determine the misclassification of information on exposure when surrogate informants are interviewed. Information from nondementia patients admitted to a geriatric ward was compared with that obtained from the patients' family members or friends (informants). Thirty-seven patients were recruit...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Weiss A,Fletcher AE,Palmer AJ,Nicholl CG,Bulpitt CJ

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of the study was to determine coronary events in a defined Sudanese population. All coronary events occurring in Khartoum, the capital of Sudan, were registered during the calendar year 1989. The cold pursuit method of identifying coronary events by surveillance of routinely collected data was adopted. A total...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Khalil SI,Ibrahim-Khalil M,el Hag M,el Shafie S,Mahgoub F,Ali EN

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Comparison of psychosocial adjustment in women with breast cancer (BC) and women with benign breast problems (BBP) has been hampered by a failure to control for age differences between these groups, as well as a failure to assess positive psychosocial adaptation in addition to psychological distress. Age-matched women...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Andrykowski MA,Curran SL,Studts JL,Cunningham L,Carpenter JS,McGrath PC,Sloan DA,Kenady DE

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We assessed validity and reliability of data on four serious pregnancy complications and gestational age in two national registers, the Medical Birth Register (MBR) and the National Register of Hospital Discharges (NRHD). From a cohort of all women in Denmark who gave birth to their first and second singleton infant i...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Kristensen J,Langhoff-Roos J,Skovgaard LT,Kristensen FB

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Angina pectoris (AP) as determined by the Rose questionnaire was assessed in nearly 16,000 black and white men and women participating in the Atherosclerosis Risk in communities Study, a population study of cardiovascular disease in four communities. The questionnaire was administered at yearly intervals and estimates...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Sorlie PD,Cooper L,Schreiner PJ,Rosamond W,Szklo M

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Contacts with health services like hospitals or general practitioners are usually the only available proxy measure of incidence of disease in studies based on secondary data and differential referrals or care-seeking behavior often bias such proxy measures. In former analyses based on the Occupational Hospitalization ...

journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology

authors： Tüchsen F,Andersen O,Olsen J

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00